U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Christie Whitman today announced that EPA is taking steps to ensure the safety of rescue workers and the public at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon disaster sites, and to protect the environment. EPA is working with state, federal, and local agencies to monitor and respond to potential environmental hazards and minimize any environmental effects of the disasters and their aftermath.

At the request of the New York City Department of Health, EPA and the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have been on the scene at the World Trade Center monitoring exposure to potentially contaminated dust and debris. Monitoring and sampling conducted on Tuesday and Wednesday have been very reassuring about potential exposure of rescue crews and the public to environmental contaminants.

EPA's primary concern is to ensure that rescue workers and the public are not exposed to elevated levels of asbestos, acidic gases or other contaminants from the debris. Sampling of ambient air quality found either no asbestos or very low levels of asbestos. Sampling of bulk materials and dust found generally low levels of asbestos.

The levels of lead, asbestos and volatile organic compounds in air samples taken on Tuesday in Brooklyn, downwind from the World Trade Center site, were not detectable or not of concern.

Additional sampling of both ambient air quality and dust particles was conducted Wednesday night in lower Manhattan and Brooklyn, and results were uniformly acceptable.

"EPA is greatly relieved to have learned that there appears to be no significant levels of asbestos dust in the air in New York City," said Administrator Whitman. "We are working closely with rescue crews to ensure that all appropriate precautions are taken. We will continue to monitor closely."

Public health concerns about asbestos contamination are primarily related to long-term exposure. Short-term, low-level exposure of the type that might have been produced by the collapse of the World Trade Center buildings is unlikely to cause significant health effects. EPA and OSHA will work closely with rescue and cleanup crews to minimize their potential exposure, but the general public should be very reassured by initial sampling.

EPA and OSHA will continue to monitor and sample for asbestos, and will work with the appropriate officials to ensure that rescue workers, cleanup crews and the general public are properly informed about appropriate steps that should be taken to ensure proper handling, transportation and disposal of potentially contaminated debris or materials.

EPA is taking steps to ensure that response units implement appropriate engineering controls to minimize environmental hazards, such as water sprays and rinsing to prevent or minimize potential exposure and limit releases of potential contaminants beyond the debris site.

EPA is also conducting downwind sampling for potential chemical and asbestos releases from the World Trade Center debris site. In addition, EPA has deployed federal On-Scene Coordinators to the Washington, D.C. Emergency Operations Center, Fort Meade, and FEMA's alternate Regional Operations Center in Pennsylvania, and has deployed an On-Scene Coordinator to the Virginia Emergency Operations Center.

Under its response authority, EPA will use all available resources and staff experts to facilitate a safe emergency response and cleanup.

EPA will work with other involved agencies as needed to:

procure and distribute respiratory and eye protection equipment in cooperation with the Dept. of Health and Human Services;
provide health and safety training upon request;
design and implement a site monitoring plan;
provide technical assistance for site control and decontamination; and
provide some 3000 asbestos respirators, 60 self-contained breathing apparatuses and 10,000 protective clothing suits to the two disaster sites.

New York Governor George E. Pataki has promised to provide emergency electric generators to New York City in efforts to restore lost power caused by Tuesday's tragedy, and EPA will work with State authorities to expedite any necessary permits for those generators.

OSHA is also working with Consolidated Edison regarding safety standards for employees who are digging trenches because of leaking gas lines underground. OSHA has advised Con Edison to provide its employees with appropriate respirators so they can proceed with emergency work, shutting off gas leaks in the city.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Thursday, Sept. 13, 2001
HHS Emergency Response: Summary Report, Sept. 13
(edited below)

NEW YORK - HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson today met with New York Gov. George Pataki and New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani to discuss emergency response and needs. Secretary Thompson also viewed the site of the World Trade Center disaster, and he visited patients and doctors at St. Vincent Hospital and met with health officials including the New York City medical examiner.

"New York will need substantial and long-term assistance in coping with this unprecedented event," he said. "HHS is pumping in new support every day, and necessary resources are only a phone call away. Today we provided new funds and services to help rescue workers, victims, the elderly and others who have been directly affected. I have pledged to the Governor and the Mayor that we will do everything needed to get through this emergency, confront the deep and lasting wounds that have been inflicted, and move forward."

HHS has deployed more than 650 personnel, including private sector personnel in emergency medical teams, to disaster-affected areas.

HHS highlights today included:

Announcement of mental health assistance, especially for areas affected by Tuesday's terrorist air attacks
Announcement of initial grants to support immediate needs in the New York City area
Announcement of a new 800-number to serve elderly and home-bound New York residents
Additional emergency resource deployments to New York and Pennsylvania
Blood and pharmaceutical monitoring.

A 24-hour hotline was established today for senior New Yorkers living in Lower Manhattan who may have trouble getting their medications, personal services, therapies, transportation to health care professionals, or other important daily living needs. Parents with children enrolled in Child Health Plus can also call this hotline for questions about their health care needs. The new 24-hour, rapid response hotline for help is 1-800-331-7767. Translators will be available for assistance on that number.

A National Medical Response Team (NMRT) was dispatched to New York to help detect any possible industrial chemical-related problems that may result from the collapse of buildings. The NMRTs are part of the National Disaster Medical System, trained to deal especially with chemical release situations in which mass casualties are involved. Deployment of the NMRT to New York is a precaution to determine possible chemical risks and to be on-site in the event any risks materialize. NMRTs are also prepared to deal with bioterrorism events. CDC had issued precautionary instructions to health departments Tuesday to be on special alert for possible clusters of unusual disease symptoms, and hospitals were notified by state and local health officials to report any such incidents promptly. The CDC instruction was a normal precaution for emergency situations.

Personnel from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now total 15 in New York City, with special duties to watch for and help prevent possible secondary diseases, including infectious disease and effects of dust and other debris. CDC personnel are also assisting the city's rescue workers who have been injured or exposed to health-threatening materials during their operations.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Thursday, Sept. 13, 2001
Emergency Phone Number for Medicare and Medicaid Beneficiaries, Child Health Plus Members Whose Normal Medical Needs have been Interrupted by the Tragedy
(full text below)

CALL 1-800-331-7767

HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson announced today that Medicare, Medicaid and other eligible beneficiaries living in Lower Manhattan who are having trouble getting their usual health care services and social services for daily living needs can now call a 24-hour, rapid response hotline for help: 1-800-331-7767. Parents with children enrolled in Child Health Plus can also call this hotline for questions about their health care needs. Translators will be available for assistance on that number.

"We are concerned about providing relief to seniors, disabled individuals, children and others who depend on our department's services for daily medications, personal services, therapies, transportation to health care professionals, or other important health and social service needs that may have been interrupted by the attack on the World Trade Center," said Secretary Thompson.

The hotline has been established by the HHS' Centers For Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Administration on Aging (AoA).

From MedscapeWire, September 13, 2001
Remarks About the HHS Emergency Response by Tommy G. Thompson
(edited text below)

Additionally, there have been questions raised concerning health risks posed by bodies buried in the rubble of buildings, and this is a valid concern. HHS, led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is working with state and local officials to protect from water- and airborne health risks. CDC has a team on the ground taking air, dust, and water samples. This is of utmost concern to health officials.

The heavy dust that has coated lower Manhattan following the attack also poses respiratory risks, particularly to our children and elderly citizens. We are well aware that New York has one of the highest childhood asthma rates in the nation, and CDC officials are working with New York authorities to conduct tests and protect our vulnerable residents from high levels of dust in the air.

Another concern resulting from the attacks is the threat of tetanus in remains of the buildings. We acted swiftly to ensure adequate amounts of tetanus vaccine was available. We have supplied the vaccine to health officials both here and in New York, who say that adequate supplies are now on hand, including 50,000 doses in New York City. And there is ample supply that can be sent if more is needed.

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 13, 2001

HHS Releases Immediate Grants for Child Care, Elderly and Mental Health Funds to Assist New York
HHS Initiates Immediate and Long-Term Steps to Address Emotional and Mental Health Consequences of Terrorist Air Attacks
FEMA: Important Phone Numbers For Seeking Information or Making Donations

September 14:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Thursday, Sept. 14, 2001
HHS Sends 35 Members of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention EIS Team to NYC
(full text below)

HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson announced today that as a result of his meetings in New York with Governor George Pataki and Mayor Rudy Giuliani, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was sending 35 members of its Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) to assist the New York City Health Department in the ongoing monitoring of public health matters.

The city is rightfully maintaining a close watch on public health conditions as the recovery effort continues. The CDC experts will provide additional workforce and expertise to state and local officials in this endeavor.

"Governor Pataki and Mayor Giuliani are rightfully making the public health and safety of New York residents the utmost priority, and this means vigilant monitoring of health conditions as the recovery effort continues," Secretary Thompson said. "The CDC workers will supplement local efforts in this regard and provide expertise in matters relating to public health. We're responding as rapidly as possible to any needs for resources the city and state need."

The EIS officers will be assigned to hospitals to assist New York health officials and physicians monitor diseases; conduct a medical and health needs assessment; identify existing health problems, such as dust or allergic reactions; and determine if there are new medical needs and if already deployed resources are better used elsewhere. The team will assist New York City hospitals 24 hours a day as directed by state and local health officials.

"During a disaster such as this, the normal public health challenges of a major city are still there and must be addressed. The CDC is offering its support to fill in wherever New York City public health officials believe they can be of most help," Secretary Thompson said. "After meeting with the Mayor and Governor and touring the disaster sites, it is clear the remarkable job these two leaders are doing. And the enduring efforts of law enforcement, firefighters, emergency workers and volunteers speaks tremendously to the resilient spirit of America."

The EIS is a unique highly competitive two-year, post-graduate program of service for health professionals interested in public health. Every year, CDC's Epidemiology Program Office selects 60-80 people to enter the EIS and pursue on-the-job training in applied epidemiology skills, acquiring skills vital to maintenance of public health. EIS officers continue to play a major role in the implementation of CDC's mission of preventing disease and injury and promoting healthy lifestyles. The EIS was established in 1951.

More information on the EIS can be found at http://www.cdc.gov/eis.

Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration
September 14, 2001
EPA, OSHA, Update Asbestos Data. Continue to reassure public of contamination fears - OSHA National News Release
EPA version available
(full text below)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration today announced that the majority of air and dust samples monitored in New York's financial district do not indicate levels of concern for asbestos. The new samples confirm previous reports that ambient air quality meets OSHA standards and consequently is not a case for public concern. New OSHA data also indicates that indoor air quality in downtown buildings will meet standards.

EPA has found variable asbestos levels in bulk debris and dust on the ground, but EPA continues to believe that there is no significant health risk to the general public in the coming days. Appropriate steps are being taken to clean up this dust and debris.

"Our tests show that it is safe for New Yorkers to go back to work in New York's Financial District" said John L. Henshaw, Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA. "Keeping the streets clean and being careful not to track dust into buildings will help protect workers from remaining debris."

OSHA staff walked through New York's Financial District on September 13th wearing personal air monitors and collected data on potential asbestos exposure levels. All but two samples contained no asbestos. Two samples contained very low levels of unknown fiber, which is still being analyzed.

Air samples taken on September 13th inside buildings in New York's financial district were negative for asbestos. Debris samples collected outside buildings on cars and other surfaces contained small percentages of asbestos, ranging from 2.1 to 3.3 -- slightly above the 1 per cent trigger for defining asbestos material.

"EPA will be deploying sixteen vacuum trucks this weekend in an effort to remove as much of the dust and debris as possible from the site where the samples were obtained" said EPA Administrator, Christine Whitman. "In addition, we will be moving six continuous air monitoring stations into the area. We will put five near ground zero and one on Canal Street. The good news continues to be that the air samples have all been at levels that cause us no concern.

# # #

Additional Contact Information

As businesses reopen in New York City, there may be concerns about workplace safety and health. Employers and employees are encouraged to contact city, state, and federal agencies if they have questions. Two professional organizations are also offering voluntary assistance related to the disaster.

For more information, call:
American Industrial Hygiene Association, (703) 849-8888
American Society of Safety Engineers, (847) 699-2929

Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration
September 14, 2001
OSHA Pitching In To Assist With Worker Safety Measures, Asbestos Tests Department Will Also Begin To Process Workers Compensation Claims
(full text below)

WASHINGTON - U.S. Labor Secretary Elaine L. Chao announced today that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is providing advice and technical assistance to employers and federal agencies to help protect workers from exposure to hazardous substances in the New York City and Pentagon disaster sites.

In New York, OSHA is testing asbestos levels in buildings within a several block radius surrounding the perimeter of the World Trade Center emergency site.

"OSHA is working with other federal agencies to help employees return to their jobsites as quickly as possible. Initial reports on asbestos levels in outlying buildings are extremely encouraging. OSHA's goal is to ensure that people who enter buildings near or downwind from the emergency area are protected and provided with all of the safety information possible," said Labor Secretary Elaine L. Chao.

OSHA inspectors are working in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to test asbestos levels in New York City. EPA sampling of ambient air quality have found either no asbestos or very low levels of asbestos. Sampling of bulk materials and dust found generally low levels of asbestos.

OSHA has also been advising Consolidated Edison regarding safety standards for employees who are digging trenches because of leaking gas lines underground. The agency is advising the Federal Bureau of Investigations and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms regarding worker protection during rescue operations.

At the Pentagon, OSHA is assisting with concerns about asbestos exposure and structural damage during rescue operations.

In addition to OSHA's role, Chao also highlighted the role of the Department of Labor's Office of Workers Compensation Claims (OWCP), which has established teams to expedite processing of workers' compensation claims for eligible federal staff and emergency personnel.

The Federal Employees' Compensation Act covers all civilian federal employees who sustain injuries while on duty assisting recovery efforts in the Pentagon and World Trade Center attacks and subsequent rescue operations. Surviving spouses and dependent children are also entitled to benefits.

The Department of Defense has set up a crisis center in Crystal City to assist Pentagon personnel and their relatives, and the Department of Labor has OWCP staff and computer equipment on site to process claims immediately. Federal civilian employees are also encouraged to call 1-866-999-FECA for assistance on compensation claims.

"As President Bush stated, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack this week," said Labor Secretary Chao. "In the midst of this tragedy, we have resolved to do the work of the people. Checks should go out; claims should be processed; and work sites should be inspected. The only way these attacks will succeed is if they prevent our government from serving the American people. This will not happen. Our resolve to do our duty and serve the country we love will not be deterred or diminished by terrorist acts."

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
September 14, 2001
EPA Emergency Responses at World Trade Center and Pentagon
(full text below)

After terrorists struck the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, 26 EPA specialists were on the scene within hours. Currently, more than 225 EPA experts are responding to the WTC and Pentagon disasters. EPA criminal investigators, forensic and technical specialists and emergency response experts are providing support to FEMA, the FBI and local emergency officials. EPA is one of many federal agencies responsible for responding to this national crisis.

The primary mission of EPA's Emergency Response Program is to protect the public and the environment from immediate threats posed by the release or discharge of hazardous substances and oil. Emergency response personnel are monitoring potential air quality issues; analyzing samples for asbestos and other hazardous materials and oil sampling; and disposing of biomedical waste. EPA has worked with the state of New York and Virginia to waive landfill amount requirements to expedite the removal of debris from the scenes.

EPA has initially budgeted $600,000 to provide technical assistance and response support. More than 3000 respirators, 60 self-contained breathing apparatus machines, and 10,000 specially-equipped protective suits are on the way to these disaster sites. EPA is working closely with federal, state, and local partners to ensure that all workers and volunteers involved in the rescue and cleanup efforts are properly protected.

EPA Region 2 emergency response staff are also stationed at the FBI Joint Operations Center in New York City, Trenton New Jersey Emergency Operations Center, and FEMA's office in Albany, NY. Region 2's Edison, NJ office is also providing work space for 100 FEMA employees. EPA HQ Emergency Operations Center is operating on a 24-hour basis, while R3 has emergency responders deployed to Washington, D.C., Ft. Meade and at the Willow Grove Naval Air Station in Pennsylvania.

EPA will continue to coordinate with our federal partners to ensure the health and safety of the public and the environment during this national crisis.

More information is available at:

EPA's Environmental Response Team Center
EPA's Oil Spill Program
EPA's Superfund Program
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
FEMA: Emergency Support Function #10 Hazardous Materials Annex
FirstGov: U.S. Government Responds to September 11
EPA information about the events of September 11

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 14, 2001

HHS Gets Emergency Help to Pennsylvania
New York City Department of Health Headquarters Temporarily Relocates; Health Department Operations Continue

September 15:

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 15, 2001

HHS: Grief and Emotional Response Advice
HHS: Victim Identification and Respectful Disposition of Remains
FEMA: Message to All Who Want to Volunteer or Make Donations from FEMA Director Joe M. Allbaugh
FEMA Assistance Operators Share the Grief of Their Callers

September 16:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Sunday, Sept. 16, 2001
HHS Fact Sheets on Dust, Debris and Asbestos Available
(full text below)

Resources for better understanding the public health risks of dust, debris and asbestos following the Sept. 11 terrorist acts in New York, Washington, D.C., and Somerset County, Pa., remain available from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Rescue workers, residents near the affected areas and those returning to work near there can get factual information to allay any of their concerns as well as advice on how to guard against any potential risks.

"We have fact-based public health information to allay any concerns of rescue workers risking their lives to clear the disaster sites, as well as for those returning to work or living near the sites," Secretary Tommy G. Thompson said. "Those who were in the affected areas on Tuesday can also get answers to concerns they might have regarding exposure to the aftermath. We want to reassure people that the city, state and federal governments continue to make the public health the utmost priority and thus remain vigilant in their monitoring."

City, state and federal officials continue to monitor air, water and public health conditions to make sure no new challenges are arising in the aftermath of the destruction. The most recent samples show no cause for concern, but the federal government continues to work with city and state officials in doing everything possible to minimize any risk from exposure. This includes keeping the public informed.

For rescuers and workers, the best way to limit exposure is to wear approved respiratory protection as well as gloves and goggles. If possible, workers should also remove dusty clothing and shower before going home.

Also, there is no threat to the health of the general public from decomposing human remains.

Public health fact sheets about dust, debris, and asbestos are available on the HHS web site at http://www.hhs.gov.

Factsheet on Asbestos
(full text below)

What is asbestos?

Asbestos is a naturally occurring strong mineral fiber that is resistant to heat and has many desirable properties. Because asbestos fibers are resistant to heat and most chemicals, they have been used as insulation materials in many residential and commercial buildings throughout the country. Asbestos fibers are found in nature and float easily. Nearly everyone is exposed to asbestos at some time during their life.

How much asbestos causes illness?

Most people do not become ill from the asbestos they are exposed to. Asbestos exposure becomes a health concern when high concentrations of asbestos fibers are inhaled over a long time period. People who become ill from asbestos are almost always those who are exposed on a day-to-day basis in a job where they work directly with the material. As a person's exposure to fibers increases, either by breathing more fibers or by breathing fibers for a longer time, that person's risk of disease also increases. It can take anywhere from 10 to 40 years for someone to develop an asbestos-related illness after their exposure. Disease is very unlikely to result from a single, high-level exposure, or from a short period of exposure to lower levels.

What are some illnesses caused by prolonged or concentrated exposure to asbestos in the workplace?

Asbestosis -is a serious, progressive disease associated with long-term exposure to asbestos that causes damage (called 'scarring') to lung tissue. The symptoms of the disease (like shortness of breath) can be managed under the care of a doctor.

Lung cancer - Asbestos is one of the leading causes of all types of lung cancers among nonsmokers, and asbestos-exposed smokers have dramatically high rates of this disease.

Malignant mesothelioma -a rare progressive cancer of the tissue lining the chest or abdomen for which asbestos and similar fibers is the only known cause.

What are some things that can be done to limit exposure?

For the general public, the best way to avoid exposure is to avoid breathing in dust as much as possible. We do not know if all of the dust has asbestos. If there is asbestos in the dust, short-term exposures are unlikely to cause harm.

Workers involved in demolition and removal of the debris from these disasters, should wear respiratory protection (a NIOSH-approved respirator such as an N-95 or more protective respirator). It is essential that when these respirators are used, they are properly fit on the worker. Workers should wear the respirator while working inside established work zones. The respirators are not required outside of the established work zones. Additionally, there are measures that the workers within the zone can take to reduce the dust released. For example, a limited dampening of settled dust with a fine water mist can markedly reduce the amount of dust that is raised by activity. Workers should also remove dusty clothing while wearing respiratory protection and then shower completely and change into fresh clothing before going home to avoid carrying the dust into their cars or homes.

Where can a person get more information on asbestos?

For more information on asbestos and your health please call 1-888-42ATSDR or visit the Web site at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov. For occupational health information call 1-800-35NIOSH or http://www.cdc.gov/niosh on the web.

Factsheet on Dust and Debris
(full text below)

This fact sheet describes possible health hazards posed by the dust and debris from the World Trade Center's (WTC) burning and collapse. The most immediate hazards to health and well-being are from unstable buildings, broken glass, jagged metal and other harmful things.

What is in the dust?

Dust is a mixture of very fine particles that originally made-up the materials of the WTC and the aircraft that struck it. These particles differ depending on what material the dust came from, how the dust was created, and what happened to the dust after it was released. Analysis of dust samples will provide information on components of the dust. We expect that materials that would be present would be at concentrations lower than those normally associated with health effects.

Can the dust in the air cause illness soon after breathing it?

Intense exposure to dust and smoke causes eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation, triggering coughing and sneezing. These short-term symptoms are the body's way of removing foreign material. Severe reactions usually occur in the first day or so after a high-level exposure and include persistent shortness of breath, rapid breathing, chest pain or tightness, headache, dizziness, or fainting. Individuals with asthma, other lung conditions, or heart disease may be more vulnerable to the effects of dust and smoke.

Are there any long-term health effects from breathing smoke or dust?

Short duration, high intensity exposures to dust and smoke are more likely to result in short term and reversible effects. Most dust-induced eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation does not result in long-term health effects. Asthma and symptoms like wheezing and difficulty breathing are occasionally caused by exposure to a high dose of an irritant. Chronic cough, with phlegm production, and/or shortness of breath can also occasionally occur. Any person who develops asthma, wheezing, shortness-of-breath, chest pain, or fever should see a doctor.

What are the health threats to persons returning to the areas affected by dust and debris?

Persons entering areas covered with dust and debris may wish to avoid prolonged exposure. Individuals entering these areas should avoid inhaling the dust or entering visibly dusty areas. Avoid dry sweeping of dust and other dust-clearing procedures that disturb settled dust. A limited dampening of settled dust with a fine water mist can markedly reduce the amount of dust that is raised during clean up. Be careful - since excessive wetting may create a slip and fall hazard. Slip-resistant shoes or boots may be helpful. People who have been covered in dust that potentially contains asbestos should avoid taking the dust into their cars or homes (on clothes, skin, and hair), where others might be exposed. It is best to remove dusty clothing while wearing respiratory protection. A person should then shower completely and change into fresh clothing before going home. Dusty clothing should be handled without shaking, and should be placed in bags. Potentially contaminated clothing should be laundered separately.

Are masks useful for reducing exposure to dust and smoke?

Use of protective dust masks and dust-filtering respirators can effectively remove dust from inhaled air. For those working in dusty areas, exposure can be reduced by wearing well-fitted dust masks (such as N-95 or more protective NIOSH-approved respirators available commercially.) A poor fit can allow dust to bypass the dust filter, sharply reducing the effectiveness of the mask. These dust-filtering masks are only effective against dust and provide no protection against toxic fumes or suffocation from lack of air. Firefighters and other emergency responders with potential for intense exposures often need air-supplied respirators for such special situations.

What are other protective measures?

Protect eyes by wearing appropriate goggles.
Protect skin by wearing gloves, shoes and clothing designed to keep the dust away.
Wash face and hands often and always before eating and drinking.
Try to keep dust that settles on clothing away from areas without dust
Rinse hair, hands and face with water before leaving dusty area.

What should an individual do if they think they are affected from breathing the dust?

It is not necessary to visit an emergency room or physician for minor conditions such as eye irritation, coughing, or sneezing. However, for persistent or more serious symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort, or light-headedness, medical care is advised. This is particularly true for individuals with pre-existing lung or heart conditions.

Who can be contacted for further information?

For health problems that may be due to the dust, a doctor should be consulted. Doctors can contact public health officials to get information and advice on dealing with the hazards of the dust.

Follow the advice being given by local and state health officials about any steps that should be taken to safely re-enter a workplace or home.

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 16, 2001

FEMA: Helping Families with Missing Loved Ones
NYCDOH: In Response To The World Trade Center Disaster, New York City Department Of Health Provides Health And Safety Precautions And Conducts Essential Public Health Activities

September 17:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Monday, Sept. 17, 2001
HHS Emergency Response: Summary Report, Sept. 17
(edited text below)

HHS highlights over the past few days include:

Announcement of available resources for grief counseling and mental health services
Announcement of available resources for better understanding the public health risks of dust, debris and asbestos
Announcement of medical teams and other relief for rescue workers in New York
Announcement of 35 members of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention�s (CDC) Epidemic Intelligence Service sent to New York.

Asbestos, Dust and Debris: On Sunday, HHS released resources to help rescue workers and those living near impacted sites to better understand the public health risks of asbestos, dust and debris stemming from the terrorist acts. The resources are available on the HHS home page at http://www.hhs.gov.

Relief for Rescue Teams: HHS today announced that about 100 doctors, nurses and other health care professionals are staffing two treatment stations to provide round-the-clock medical care to rescue and recovery workers in New York City. In addition, CDC has dispatched occupational health specialists to New York to assess rescue worker safety needs and the Administration for Children and Families has provided grant money to New York City to provide emergency child care for relief workers and victims.

Public Health Response: At the request of New York Governor George Pataki and Mayor Rudy Giuliani, on Friday HHS sent 35 members of CDC�s Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) to assist the New York City Health Department in the ongoing monitoring of public health matters. The EIS officers are assigned to hospitals to assist New York health officials and physicians monitor diseases; conduct a medical and health needs assessment; identify existing health problems such as allergic reactions; and determine if there are new medical needs and if already deployed resources are better used elsewhere. In addition, HHS has sent personnel to assist Pennsylvania authorities in dealing with the airplane crash that resulted from Tuesday's attacks. Deployments include a Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team, portable morgue personnel, and family assistance personnel to assist with victim identification.

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 17, 2001

HHS Provides Medical Teams, Other Relief to Assist Rescue, Recovery Workers at Attack Sites
FEMA: Support The Fallen Heroes Of Our National Tragedy
NYCDOH: Health Department Offers Recomendations For Individuals Re-Occupying Commercial Buildings And Residents Re-Entering Their Homes

September 18:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
September 18, 2001
Whitman Details Ongoing Agency Efforts to Monitor Disaster Sites, Contribute to Cleanup Efforts
(full text below)

EPA Administrator Christie Whitman announced today that results from the Agency's air and drinking water monitoring near the World Trade Center and Pentagon disaster sites indicate that these vital resources are safe. Whitman also announced that EPA has been given up to $83 million from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to support EPA's involvement in cleanup activities and ongoing monitoring of environmental conditions in both the New York City and Washington metropolitan areas following last week's terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

"We are very encouraged that the results from our monitoring of air quality and drinking water conditions in both New York and near the Pentagon show that the public in these areas is not being exposed to excessive levels of asbestos or other harmful substances," Whitman said. "Given the scope of the tragedy from last week, I am glad to reassure the people of New York and Washington, D.C. that their air is safe to breath and their water is safe to drink," she added.

In the aftermath of last Tuesday's attacks, EPA has worked closely with state, federal and local authorities to provide expertise on cleanup methods for hazardous materials, as well as to detect whether any contaminants are found in ambient air quality monitoring, sampling of drinking water sources and sampling of runoff near the disaster sites.

At the request of FEMA, EPA has been involved in the cleanup and site monitoring efforts, working closely with the U.S. Coast Guard, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and state and local organizations.

EPA has conducted repeated monitoring of ambient air at the site of the World Trade Center and in the general Wall Street district of Manhattan, as well as in Brooklyn. The Agency is planning to perform air monitoring in the surrounding New York metropolitan area. EPA has established 10 continuous (stationary) air monitoring stations near the WTC site. Thus far, from 50 air samples taken, the vast majority of results are either non-detectable or below established levels of concern for asbestos, lead and volatile organic compounds. The highest levels of asbestos have been detected within one-half block of ground zero, where rescuers have been provided with appropriate protective equipment.

In lower Manhattan, the City of New York has also been involved in efforts to clean anything coated with debris dust resulting from Tuesday's destruction. This involves spraying water over buildings, streets and sidewalks to wash the accumulated dust off the building and eliminate the possibility that materials would become airborne. To complement this clean up effort, EPA has performed 62 dust sample analyses for the presence of asbestos and other substances. Most dust samples fall below EPA's definition of "asbestos containing material" (one percent asbestos). Where samples have shown greater than one percent asbestos, EPA has operated its 10 High Efficiency Particulate Arresting, HEPA, vacuum trucks to clean the area and then resample. EPA also used the 10 HEPA vac trucks to clean streets and sidewalks in the Financial District in preparation for Monday's return to business. The Agency plans to use HEPA vac trucks to clean the lobbies of the five federal buildings near the World Trade Center site, and to clean the streets outside of New York's City Hall.

Drinking water in Manhattan was tested at 13 sampling points, in addition to one test at the Newtown Sewage Treatment plant and pump station. Initial results of this drinking water sampling show that levels of asbestos are well below EPA's levels of concern.

While FEMA has provided EPA with a Total Project Ceiling cost of slightly more than $83 million for the Agency's cleanup efforts in New York City and in at the Pentagon site, EPA currently is working with emergency funding of $23.7 million. If costs exceed this level, FEMA will authorize EPA to tap additional funding in increments of $15 million. As part of the additional funding to be provided by FEMA, EPA will be responsible for any hazardous waste disposal, general site safety and providing sanitation facilities for many of the search and rescue workers to wash the dust off following their shifts. EPA is coordinating with both the U.S. Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence and the U.S. Coast Guard to quickly implement these additional responsibilities to ensure that search and rescue personnel are provided with the maximum support and protection from hazardous materials that may be found during their mission.

At the Pentagon explosion site in Arlington Va., EPA has also been involved in a variety of monitoring of air and water quality. All ambient air monitoring results, both close to the crash site and in the general vicinity, have shown either no detection of asbestos or levels that fall well below the Agency's level of concern. Testing of runoff water from the disaster site does not show elevated levels of contaminants. Given the large numbers of Department of Defense (DOD) employees returning to work this week, EPA has worked closely with officials from DOD and from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to evaluate air and drinking water quality and to be certain that the workplace environment will be safe.

While careful not to impede the search, rescue and cleanup efforts at either the World Trade Center or the Pentagon disaster sites, EPA's primary concern has been to ensure that rescue workers and the public are not being exposed to elevated levels of potentially hazardous contaminants in the dust and debris, especially where practical solutions are available to reduce exposure. EPA has assisted efforts to provide dust masks to rescue workers to minimize inhalation of dust. EPA also recommends that the blast site debris continue to be kept wet, which helps to significantly reduce the amount of airborne dust which can aggravate respiratory ailments such as asthma. Onsite facilities are being made available for rescue workers to clean themselves, change their clothing and to have dust-laden clothes cleaned separately from normal household wash.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
September 18, 2001
Frequently Asked Environmental and Public Health Questions about the World Trade Center and Pentagon Tragedies
(full text below)

What substances is EPA testing for at the WTC and Pentagon?
EPA is monitoring for asbestos and particulates (dust) and other contaminants typically found in large building fire and collapse situations.

What has EPA's testing shown so far?
EPA's air monitoring near the WTC has not detected any pollutants from the fire and building collapses that are of concern to the general public. Within the restricted zone (within one block of the WTC), EPA is finding low levels of asbestos in the dust from the building collapse. At the Pentagon, EPA monitoring has found either no asbestos or levels well below the level of concern. For more information on asbestos, click here: (http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2001pres/20010916a.html)

What is being done to control the dust in the WTC restricted area and protect the rescue and cleanup workers?
EPA and OSHA are advising rescue and cleanup workers on dust control measures, such as wetting down the debris to keep dust from getting into the air. EPA also is operating 10 high efficiency vacuum trucks to remove dust in residential and business areas near the WTC. EPA has advised the workers in the restricted area to wear respirators to protect themselves from the dust and any asbestos it may contain. For more information on dust and debris click here: (http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2001pres/20010916b.html)

Do persons outside the WTC restricted area need to wear respirators?
No. EPA has not detected any pollutant levels of concern in Lower Manhattan generally or at the Fresh Kills site on Staten Island, where the debris from the WTC cleanup is being taken for inspection and sorting.

Is EPA still testing the air for pollutants and how long will it continue to test?
EPA , other federal agencies and state and city agencies continue sampling and reviewing and analyzing data collected. EPA will continue its monitoring as long as required.To view the latest air quality data for the state of New York click here: (http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dar/bts/airmon/sitepage2.htm)

Was there any contamination of drinking water as a result of the WTC and Pentagon fires and collapses?
No, there isn't any indication at either site of drinking water contamination. In New York City, the City Department of Environmental Protection and EPA are jointly testing the drinking water at sites within the distribution system. At the Pentagon, all of the runoff is routed to a sewage treatment facility before discharge into the Potomac River. In addition, there are no drinking water intakes downstream of the Pentagon on the Potomac.

What is being done to protect the nation's drinking water?
The water supplies in the United States are among the safest in the world and the threat of mass contamination is small. EPA works with public and private water suppliers and their national organizations to safeguard America's drinking water. All water suppliers have emergency contingency plans. In the unlikely event of a terrorist act, the plans typically call for shutting down the water supply system, notifying the public through the mass media, providing an alternate source of drinking water or providing consumers with information on how to treat the water to make it safe, such as boiling. For more information on drinking water safety click here: (http://www.epa.gov/safewater/faq/faq.html)

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 18, 2001

HHS Enhances Web Page as Easier-to-Use Resource on Disaster Information
HHS Emergency Response: Summary Report, Sept. 18
FEMA: Urban Search And Rescue: Commonly Asked Questions
FEMA: Assistance For Terrorism Victims Available From FEMA, Justice Department, SBA
FEMA's "Share Your Comments" Feature Speaks Volumes
FEMA: President Authorizes 100 Percent Funding For New York Public Assistance Grants
NYCDOH: Health Alert: New York City Health Department Asks Restaurateurs of Closed Restaurants Below Chambers Street in Manhattan to Allow Health Officials Access to Conduct Inspections

September 19:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Monday, Sept. 17, 2001
National Disaster Medical System Delivers Veterinarians to Care for Search and Rescue Dogs in New York
(edited text below)

As many as 300 rescue dogs are at the site, coming from the New York region's rescue squads and from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Onsite are 13 veterinarians (the Veterinary Medical Assistance Team) to help these canine heroes who are suffering from some of the same problems as their human counterparts: fatigue, cuts, smoke and dust inhalation, and eye irritation.

..."These dogs are being pushed hard, and we need to be attentive to their needs to keep them healthy and on the job," said VMAT team leader Dr. Barry Kellogg, a veterinarian who has practiced 35 years in Massachusetts and Florida. "They deliver for us, and we need to keep them in good health."

Several injuries have been reported, but so far no dogs have died in the search and rescue effort. Typical injuries have included lacerations, smoke and dust inhalation, eye irritation, torn nails and foot injuries, dehydration and exhaustion. Dogs serving at the site are primarily German Shepherds, but also include Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers, and mixed breeds.

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 19, 2001

HHS Emergency Response: Summary Report, Sept. 19 -- Department Offers Expedited Health Care Coverage for Low-Income New Yorkers
FEMA: Send A Letter Of Thanks To Rescue Workers In New York
FEMA: A Day In New York With FEMA Urban Search And Rescue
FEMA: Counseling Available For Terrorism Victims, Families; Most Of America Also Affected By Disaster Stress
FEMA Response to Terrorist Acts Continues Smoothly; Director Allbaugh to Visit Pennsylvania Crash Site
FEMA Director Visits Crash Site of United Airlines Flight 93 in Pennsylvania
FEMA: President Approves Emergency Funds For New Jersey - Response To World Trade Center Terrorists Attacks
FEMA: Disaster Legal Assistance Available
FEMA: Victim Benefits And Assistance Contacts List Now Online

September 20:

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 20, 2001

HHS Widens Emergency Response by Providing Special Messaging to Broadcasters and the Media
HHS Emergency Response: Summary Report, Sept. 20

September 21:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
September 21, 2001
NYC Monitoring Efforts Continue to Show Safe Drinking Water & Air
(full text below)

EPA Administrator Christie Whitman announced today that the most detailed results to date of ongoing monitoring of drinking water in New York City provide additional reassurance that city residents are not being exposed to dangerous contaminants including asbestos, radiation, mercury and other metals, pesticides, PCBs and bacteria.

"As we continue to monitor drinking water in and around New York City, and as EPA gets more comprehensive analysis of this monitoring data, I am relieved to be able to reassure New York and New Jersey residents that a host of potential contaminants are either not detectable or are below the Agency's concern levels," Whitman said. "Results we have just received on drinking water quality show that not only is asbestos not detectable, but also we can not detect any bacterial contamination, PCBs or pesticides," she continued.

Whitman confirmed that EPA personnel, working in coordination with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection at and around the World Trade Center disaster site, have thus far taken a total of 13 drinking water samples from water mains in lower Manhattan. In addition to analyzing the samples for asbestos, pesticides and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls, which are mixtures of synthetic organic chemicals), EPA has also tested drinking water for metals (including mercury), and radioactivity (both alpha and beta). None of these contaminants exceeded EPA drinking water standards.

"In addition to carefully evaluating drinking water in the New York area, EPA has taken samples at the Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant, where runoff from lower Manhattan goes for treatment, to identify what sort of materials are leaving the disaster site," Whitman continued. "While we haven't yet gotten results for all possible contaminants, we do know that levels of metals and mercury are below permit discharge limits," she noted. However, Whitman did state that "following one rainstorm with particularly high runoff, we did have one isolated detection of slightly elevated levels of PCBs. This is something that we are continuing to monitor very closely." Other analysis of monitoring data taken at Newtown Creek treatment plant shows that total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand, common indicators of how well a wastewater treatment plant is operating, indicate that the plant is working within permit limits. The Agency will continue to collect water samples at storm water discharge points when it rains and to fully analyze the samples for asbestos, PCBs, metals and total suspended solids.

Whitman elaborated on the repeated monitoring of ambient air both at the World Trade Center disaster site and the surrounding area. To date the Agency has taken 97 air samples from 11 separate fixed monitoring sites in and around the "hot zone" and elsewhere in lower Manhattan, and four fixed monitoring sites located in New Jersey downwind from the blast. Only seven samples taken at or near ground zero have had marginally higher levels of asbestos that exceed EPA's level of concern. All rescue workers in this restricted-access area are being provided with appropriate safety equipment. Ambient air monitoring in the Financial District, where this week people have returned to work, show levels of asbestos that are below Agency levels of concern. Four samples taken specifically to identify if mercury is present resulted in non-detectable readings. On Sept. 19, EPA also took readings of outdoor air at numerous locations around ground zero for chemicals including hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. All readings indicated that levels were normal and posed no public health concern. All air samples taken in New Jersey have shown no detectable levels of asbestos whatsoever.

EPA has set up eight air monitors at the Fresh Kills Landfill on Staten Island, where debris from the collapsed World Trade Center towers is being sent for criminal and forensic analysis, and eventual disposal. Initial results show no detectable levels of asbestos. The Agency will continue to operate these air monitors at the landfill and will test for asbestos and for particulate matter.

Whitman detailed dust sampling undertaken thus far at the World Trade Center site, and confirmed that EPA has done a total of 101 dust samples, of which 37 were slightly over the one percent asbestos (the amount above which material is considered asbestos-containing). EPA has continued to use its 10 High Efficiency Particulate Arresting (HEPA) filter vacuum trucks, especially in areas where dust samples show any elevated levels of asbestos. Of the 16 samples taken in the Battery Park City area, a residential community within two blocks of the disaster site, 12 showed slightly elevated levels of asbestos. After using the HEPA Vac trucks to clean streets and surfaces in Battery Park City, repeat sampling in the area showed asbestos levels that fall below concern amounts. EPA will continue to monitor this area. The HEPA Vac trucks were also used to vacuum lobbies of federal buildings near the disaster site prior to having workers return.

Monitoring and cleanup efforts also continue at the Pentagon crash site. To date, EPA has taken 140 total samples, including ambient air samples, bulk debris analysis, silica and water discharge samples. Monitoring samples have been analyzed for asbestos and other hazardous materials. Available results continue to show that rescue workers at the disaster site are not being exposed to hazardous materials.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
September 21, 2001 and ongoing
Daily Summaries of EPA Activities in Response to the World Trade Center Incident
(edited text below)

Sept 21: "EPA now has 5 wash stations set up, with five more (for a total of 10) scheduled to be set up this weekend. Wash stations will be used for rescue and recovery workers and trucks used at ground zero before exiting the site."

Sept 22: "EPA now has about 15 wash stations set up for personnel and vehicles. Signs have been posted at the wash stations instructing rescue workers to wear respirators and to take proper safety precautions." "...Elevated PCB and dioxin levels in the runoff from the 9/14 storm event."

Sept 23: "Using special instruments to measure VOCs at various locations of the plume still emanating from the World Trade Center debris pile, EPA identified elevated levels of benzene. EPA will continue to monitor this situation." "Based on EPA's assessment of health and safety operations at the landfill, the Agency will work with other federal enforcement agencies to upgrade worker protection operations at this location."

Sept 24: "Further analysis of the elevated benzene levels we reported yesterday revealed two readings for benzene above OSHA's standard for an eight-hour exposure period. These samples - taken for VOCs - were captured at the plume from the World Trade Centers debris pile. Use of air respirators can prevent exposure. EPA will continue to monitor this situation."

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Friday, Sept. 21, 2001
HHS Announces $126 Million in Relief Funds for Disaster-Impacted Health and Social Services
(edited text below)

HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson today announced that $126,150,000 is being provided immediately to support services provided in the wake of the Sept. 11 terrorist-inflicted disasters.

The funds are part of a total $5.1 billion in disaster-related funds released by President Bush today. HHS funds will be used especially to help New York health care facilities pay the extraordinary costs of responding to health care needs, to provide social services including emergency shelter and support for populations with special needs, to help provide longer-term mental health and trauma services, and to fund needed health services through Community Health Centers.

HHS funding announced today includes:

Social Services -- $25 million. This includes $23.7 million in grants to states affected by the disaster to address the needs of a range of special populations - children, families, people with disabilities and the communities they live in. Potential uses include emergency-related food and shelter, or other needs for those displaced by the disaster; services to those who may become disabled as a result of the disaster; assistance to homebound disabled or elderly whose services are disrupted; and special child welfare service needs brought about by the disaster. Another $1.3 million is provided through HHS� Administration on Aging to provide especially for needs of homebound and other affected elderly persons.
Environmental Hazard Control -- $10.4 million. This includes $5 million for safety of emergency workers, with provision of respirators and ongoing health assessments of workers. It also provides $5.4 million in technical assistance for response to hazardous environmental exposures and potential needs related to asthma, including dilators, asthma surveillance, and tracking exposure to contaminants.

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 21, 2001

HHS Emergency Response: Summary Report, Sept. 21
FEMA: President Asks Public to Help Via the American Liberty Partnership Web site
FEMA: President Declares Major Disaster For Virginia To Aid Recovery From Pentagon Terrorist Attack
FEMA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Responds to World Trade Center Attack

September 22:

New York City Department of Health
Response to the World Trade Center Disaster
NYC Health Department Distributes Health Recommendations for Residential and Commercial Reoccupation
(full text below)

Over the course of the past few days, New York City Department of Health (DOH) has been distributing health recommendations to tenants and business owners in Manhattan below Canal Street who are now able to re-enter their apartments and office buildings. Recommendations have also been issued to elected officials and community boards throughout the City. Thus far, over 50,000 copies of DOH recommendations for tenant re-occupancy have been distributed These activities will continue as more people re-occupy residents and workplaces in lower Manhattan.

New York City Health Commissioner Neal L. Cohen, M.D., said "The Health Department is continuing to work with federal, state, and local agencies to assess the safety of neighborhoods affected by the collapse of the World Trade Center buildings. While there are no significant adverse health risks to the general public, residents and business owners who are allowed to return to their buildings should follow Health Department recommendations to minimize exposure to dust and other particulate matter that may cause throat and eye irritation. All residents and business owners should check with their building managers or owners to make sure that their buildings are safe, and have been certified for re-occupancy."

To decrease the possibility of dust inhalation, persons who live or work within the general vicinity of the blast zone - south of Warren Street, west of Broadway, and north of Exchange Street - and who have been approved to resume tenancy, are advised to wear a dust mask while outside. Dust masks are not necessary for residents in other areas. It is unnecessary to wear a mask while inside buildings as long as cleaning procedures outlined below are followed. The complete list of recommendations for re-occupancy and other important public health information are available on DOH's Web site, nyc.gov/health. The Health Department has also established a General Information Line, (212) 213-1844, to field questions about DOH services, and to register complaints.

Health Department Recommendations for Tenant Reoccupation

Residents should check with building managers and/or owners to make sure that their buildings have been assessed and certified safe by the City of New York. This includes structural stability; and the safe operation of gas, electrical, water, steam service, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.
Residents of the affected area are advised to enter the home dressed in long-sleeve shirt and pants with closed-toe shoes.
Check for the smell of gas. If the apartment smells of gas, leave immediately and report it to your building manager and Con Edison.
Check for broken glass and fixtures, wrap any broken glass in paper and mark it "broken glass."
Tenants are advised to use a wet rag or a mop to remove any dust. Sweeping with a dry broom is not recommended because it may make dust airborne again.
Where dust is particularly thick tenants are advised to directly wet the dust with water, and remove it in layers with wet rags and mops. [NOTE from Immune: NO! if dust is present, use professional cleaners trained in asbestos abatement. Do not attempt to clean it yourself and do not return home until it is done. Even for minor cleaning, use a respirator (not a paper or cloth mask) approved for asbestos).]
When done used rags should be put in plastic bags while they are still wet, and bags should be sealed and discarded.
To reduce dust re-circulation, the Health Department recommends using HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filtration vacuums when cleaning up apartments, if possible. As an alternative, wetting the dust down with water and removing it with rags and mops is recommended.
Once situated, residents are advised to avoid sweeping or other outdoor maintenance, keep windows closed, set the air conditioner to re-circulate air (closed vents), and change or clean the filter frequently.
Run hot and cold water from each of the taps for at least two minutes, or until water runs completely clean.

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 22, 2001

NYCDOH: Vital Records Update: How to Obtain Birth and Death Certificates During the World Trade Center Disaster

September 24:

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 24, 2001

HHS: Deborah Konopko Named HHS Regional Representative for New York Region
FEMA: Community Relations Teams Going Door-To-Door In Lower Manhattan
FEMA/Corps To Assist New York City With Debris Removal

September 25:

Federal Emergency Management Agency
Washington, D.C., September 25, 2001
World Trade Center and Pentagon Disaster Update
(edited text below)

The number of federal personnel working in direct support of operations in New York and Virginia totals nearly 6,300, including more than 1,500 from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and its Urban Search and Rescue task forces. More than 700 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services personnel are currently deployed at the crash sites in Pennsylvania, New York and Virginia. The U.S. Coast Guard is managing security arrangements around selected nuclear power plants. Restrictions on flight training and crop-dusting have been lifted.

New York: Con Edison reports that, while the electric grid in lower Manhattan remains "fragile," electricity is available in all areas except the World Trade Center (WTC) complex. The extent of gas pipeline damage will not be known until the area is cleared of debris. Latest figures show that 108,756 tons of debris have been removed from the WTC site to a landfill on Staten Island. FEMA has tasked the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to monitor operations of the four debris removal contractors and to calculate debris quantities for other buildings that may require demolition.

Virginia: All Urban Search and Rescue task forces at the Pentagon crash site have demobilized. One National Medical Response Team remains deployed at the scene.

Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration
September 25, 2001
OSHA Providing Safety and Health Aid To New York Rescue Workers
(full text below)

NEW YORK -- Nearly 180 staff members of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) are working around the clock, providing safety and health assistance and handing out thousands of respirators daily to rescue workers at the World Trade Center disaster site. OSHA is also testing daily for asbestos, silica, lead and other contaminants. Test results continue to show no cause for concern in areas immediately surrounding ground zero and in public areas. "I'm proud that OSHA staff are contributing directly to the protection of the search and rescue workers," said OSHA Administrator John L. Henshaw. "Our goal is to provide as much help as we can; we are not there in an enforcement role."

OSHA took immediate steps following the Sept. 11, 2001, disaster to coordinate with other federal, state and local agencies. After initial contact with the Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and various New York City agencies, OSHA sent industrial hygienists and safety officers to the Financial District and some rescue locations. The agency took its first air and bulk samples on Sept. 13. The monitoring program is continuing, according to Pat Clark, OSHA's New York Regional Administrator, and now includes air sampling directly at the debris pile. "We have taken over 200 air and bulk samples," Clark said. "Though the levels have been consistently safe, it is important that we continue to make sure the sampling continues through the various stages of the operation."

As the rescue extends into its third week, OSHA's sampling data is being shared with all federal, state and local agencies involved in the rescue effort. Agency staff from other parts of the country are also being sent to New York to help support the effort, including fit-checking and distributing respirators and working with the New York Department of Design and Construction to monitor conditions associated with the use of heavy equipment as well as cutting and burning operations. Among those working are the 23 members of OSHA's Manhattan Area Office who escaped when Building 6 of the World Trade Center, where they were located, was severely damaged.

As part of the overall rescue operation, OSHA also provided technical assistance and advice to officials of the Pentagon, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 25, 2001

HHS' New York Regional Office Reopens Following Attacks
NYCDOH: Operators of Closed Restaurants Near the Collapsed Towers Are Asked to Allow Health Officials Access for Inspections
NYCDOH: New York City Health Department, Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, and Office of the Criminal Justice Coordinator Expedite Death Certificates for Families Who Request Them
FEMA Damage Inspectors Visit Assistance Applicants (do not follow advice to clean dust yourself before inspection)

September 26:

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 26, 2001

FEMA: New Jersey Victims of WTC Attack Find Help At State Assistance Center

September 27:

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 27, 2001

NYCDOH: Attention Media Colleagues: New Contact Numbers Established for NYC DOH Press Office

September 28:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
September 28, 2001 / 50(38);821-2
Notice to Readers: New York City Department of Health Response to Terrorist Attack, September 11, 2001
(full text below)

In response to two jet aircraft crashing into and causing the collapse of the 110-storied World Trade Center (WTC) towers and the subsequent destruction of nearby portions of lower Manhattan, the New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH) immediately activated its emergency response protocol, including the mobilization of an Emergency Operations Center. Surveillance, clinical, environmental, sheltering, laboratory, management information systems, and operations were among the reestablished emergency committees. Because of its proximity to the WTC site, an emergency clinic was established at NYCDOH for triage and treatment of injured persons. NYCDOH focused its initial efforts on assessing the public health and medical impact of the attack and the resources needed to respond to it such as the care and management of large numbers of persons injured or killed by the crash; subsequent fire and building collapse; the health and safety of rescue workers; the environmental health risks (e.g., asbestos, smoke, dust, or chemical inhalation); other illnesses related to the disruption of the physical infrastructure (e.g., waterborne and foodborne diseases); and mental health concerns. Despite the evacuation and relocation of NYCDOH's headquarters, the department continued essential public health services, including death registration.

A rapid assessment conducted by NYCDOH during the first 24 hours after the incident indicated that most emergency department (ED) visits were for minor injuries; approximately 10%--15% of ED patients were admitted and few deaths occurred. Hospital bed and staff capacity was adequate.

Following the incident, NYCDOH prioritized four surveillance activities: 1) in collaboration with the Greater New York Hospital Association, an ongoing assessment of hospital staffing and equipment needs, and cumulative numbers of incident-related ED visits and hospital admissions; 2) an epidemiologic assessment of the types of injuries seen during the first 48 hours after the attack at one tertiary referral hospital and the four EDs closest to the crash site where the largest number of incident-related cases presented; 3) prospective surveillance of illnesses and injuries among rescue workers evaluated at the four hospitals and Disaster Medical Assistance Team triage units located at the crash site; and 4) active surveillance in EDs for specified clinical syndromes to identify unusual disease manifestations or clusters associated with these incidents, including those syndromes that could result from the release of a biologic agent. To assist NYCDOH with syndromic surveillance, CDC Epidemic Intelligence Service officers have been stationed at EDs in 15 sentinel hospitals distributed throughout the five New York City boroughs. Other NYCDOH activities included an already existing syndromic surveillance system to monitor 911 emergency calls. No unusual patterns of illness have been identified. NYCDOH also conducted laboratory testing of environmental samples and did not find evidence of a biologic agent release.

Air quality, safety of the municipal water supply, restaurant safety and rodent control, and other environmental conditions in the area continue to be monitored by NYCDOH, in collaboration with local, state, and federal agencies, to ensure the health and safety of workers at the site and residents in the immediate vicinity. Frequent alerts are sent by broadcast facsimile and electronic mail to advise metropolitan New York health-care providers of ongoing public health concerns related to the aftermath of the attack. Advisories have been developed to address the public's concerns about such issues as asbestos exposure in collapsed buildings, decomposing bodies, and managing emotional trauma. Working with the American Red Cross, NYCDOH school health program has provided nursing services and physician consultations to Red Cross shelters. The shelters serve families and persons displaced by the incident and provide respite to rescue workers. NYCDOH nurses provide nursing assessments, first-aid services, and medical referrals when needed.

In response to events in lower Manhattan and the related attack on the Pentagon in Washington, DC, the Federal Response Plan was activated. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) deployed federal resources under Emergency Support Function #8 (Health and Medical) to augment the state and local medical response. A shipment of intravenous supplies, airway supplies, emergency medication, bandages and dressings, and other materials arrived in New York City the night of September 11; this was the first emergency mobilization of the National Pharmaceutical Stockpile. NYCDOH and the health department in Washington, DC, also obtained adequate supplies of tetanus vaccine from vaccine manufacturers. CDC has sent epidemiologists, occupational health specialists, industrial hygienists, and other public health professionals to supplement local efforts. Information about federal support of the local public health response is available from DHHS at <http://www.hhs.gov>.

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 28, 2001

HHS Announces State Plan for $23.7 Million in Relief Funds for Disaster-Impacted Social Services
FEMA: Ten Additional New York Counties Now Eligible to Receive Disaster Assistance

September 29:

Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration
September 29, 2001
Summaries of OSHA activities at the World Trade Center
(full text below)

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration is working around the clock with federal, state and local agencies to help ensure the safety and health of workers involved in the rescue effort. OSHA's role continues to be one of assistance and consultation. OSHA is conducting personal air monitoring to characterize exposures; distributing and fit-checking respirators and other personal protective equipment; and conducting safety monitoring. Approximately 200 OSHA personnel are directly involved in the rescue and recovery efforts in lower Manhattan.

Risk Assessment/Monitoring
Between September 13-27, OSHA has taken 250 samples of asbestos. Results of the sampling continue to be within safe and acceptable limits. Updated results can be found at (Asbestos Monitoring at the WTC Site). The agency has also begun sampling for silica, carbon monoxide, lead and other heavy metals, and various organic compounds. Results will be posted as soon as available.

Respirator Distribution and Fit-Checking
Approximately 4,000 respirators are being distributed and fit-checked daily for rescue workers. Four distribution points have been established: Public School 89 (West & Chambers Streets, just north of the WTC site), West & Albany Streets, adjacent to the debris pile), at Queens (staging area for firefighters) and at Staten Island (staging area for law enforcement personnel). OSHA is also distributing other personal protective equipment, e.g., hard hats, gloves, safety goggles, etc.

Safety Monitoring
OSHA safety monitoring teams are working in concert with the New York City Department of Design and Construction to address the physical safety of personnel involved in the rescue effort. There are approximately 1,350 construction personnel on-site. Along with these personnel are an increasing amount of heavy equipment such as cranes, excavators, and dump trucks. OSHA's construction safety specialists are providing technical assistance and consultation to help identify potential hazards and abate them quickly to prevent injuries.

September 29:

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 29, 2001

FEMA: New Jersey Emergency Managers Briefed About Federal Funding

September 30:

Other Reports/Press Releases from September 30, 2001

FEMA Urban Search and Rescue Teams Head Home

News Reports
Table of Contents
Sept 2001
Oct 2001

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Government Information Regarding September 11th September 2001

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Government Information Regarding September 11th
September 2001